@Rob Watts We met at CanJam SoCal 2022, and it was great talking to you. I'm eagerly anticipating the Quartet MScaler. Based on my experience listening to Chord DACs and observing the progression from Mojo to TT, TT2, DAVE, and Blu MK2/MScaler, it became quite evident how the longer WTA...

I agree with this If you really narrow the scope of what Signal processing means to your previous statement then yes. Because applying a digital filter for the purpose of removing out of band images is still signal processing. I agree with this. However, showing the relationship between...

Thank you for your suggestion, I am already a member of AES and thanks for your time.

But, if there is not an established method to measure transparency that is published and researched, where does one draw a line on audibility? Nothing is as clear cut, there is always a fuzzy boundary and the width of the boundary may depend on what is being tested and also the system as a whole...

No it is just one parameters, which is why I said everything else being equal. You can have a nimble transducer, but if you have a poorly designed magnetic circuit and introduce local modes, then distortion is assured. If you have two of the same design with the same distortion issues, the...

That just brings it back a full circle and my original concern that there is not enough focus on time domain response and more work needs to be done in measurements and understanding. We know what true transparency in the theoretical sense is but a true test for the degree of transparency does...

Transparent means you cannot see it is there and in the case of audio, you should not hear it and all you hear is the source (i.e., the sound that was recorded) If a system's response is a Dirac delta function it means it simply reproduces the input at the output, that is both frequency and...

I was commenting on only using frequency response to form an opinion. Yes the frequency domain response includes the phase response but a phase response is rarely shown during measurements and it is even harder to interpret or use to form any kind of onion. I view measuring the digital filter as...

Yes impulse response holds the key to some of the questions, which is why I have been talking about the time domain response. I have looked at impulse responses from different headphones and overlaid them too, once you EQ the headphones and look at the impulse response you know they are not the...

Is there a way to tell this from measurements? or measure the degree of openness? If an electrostatic headphone, a planar and a dynamic headphone are all eqed to have the same bass will they all sound equally 'dynamic' is there a way to measure this? Are there any measurements that help one...

On the contrary, that is exactly my point, but most of the analysis and measurements are done to highlight the frequency response. In theory yes you can go back and forth an infinite number of times, but for measurements, a lot of information is lost as FFTs are done with fixed window sizes and...

I was just helping keep the 'eye on the ball' so to speak. It is easy to loose focus when there are varying opinions and many of them can be correct too. Theory helps understand what is happening to the signals, how we perceive it is another story. For example if a process improves a...

In theory, does it correct artifacts? yes, it can correct some artifacts. Have I heard it correct artifacts? I can't hear past 16kHz. What question was this whose answer is oversampling? PS: Both my questions were meant to be rhetorical.

A case can be made for an apodizing filter where the filter cuts off at 20kHz and opening up the possibility of reducing any aliased frequencies that folded back due to the ADC's filters not being good enough. So, objectively it could be argued that an apodizing filter can 'correct' for some of...

An impulse or a square wave or a step function are some examples of 'illegal' signals because their analog equivalent will have an infinite bandwidth (it is a sudden instantaneous change with infinite slope). If they had ever truly passed an ADC (even a mediocre one at that), you would still see...