Thanks,
@bogi , for your input.
Considering the moderator's comments in the A26 thread, it seems more fitting to discuss ESS DACs' conversion methodology here in the HQP thread, especially since many utilize HQPlayer to upsample with ESS DACs.
@jlaako , please let me know if you think this isn't the right place for this conversation or if you have any corrections regarding our discussion. I'm eager to delve deeper into the workings of ESS DACs with upsampled PCM signals and would appreciate your insights.
Regarding the conversion elements, your points are well-taken. Given that discussion, here's an updated summary of my understanding of how ESS DACs process PCM inputs.
@bogi could you highlight any discrepancies?
Big Picture: ESS DACs convert PCM signals into a multi-level bitstream, not directly into DSD. This type of bitstream modulation outputs more than 1-bit per sample and is distinctly different from traditional DSD, which strictly uses a 1-bit format.
Intermediate Format: ESS DACs use advanced Delta-Sigma modulation to convert PCM to a multi-level signal, rather than a simple multi-bit or 1-bit output:
- Higher Order Modulation: The modulator in ESS DACs is capable of generating a signal with more levels than the typical 1-bit used in traditional DSD, avoiding simple multi-bit digital signal conversion.
- Multi-Bit Quantization: Unlike simple R-2R DACs, ESS DACs produce a high-frequency PWM signal with multiple levels, offering a more sophisticated output than standard multi-bit or 1-bit DACs.
- Noise Shaping and Filtering: The multi-level output enables more efficient noise shaping and filtering, pushing noise out of the audible spectrum and significantly lowering distortion while enhancing dynamic range.
DAC Architecture: ESS uses proprietary technology combining their advanced modulator with a current steering DAC design, which differs significantly from a basic "six-bit ladder" approach. This system manages the digital-to-analog conversion with high precision and linearity.
Additionally, could you clarify your reference to the DSC1 in relation to ESS's PCM to DSD conversion process? I'm unsure how it applies here.